This observational biorepository study aims to determine the overlapping and distinct immunological changes in individuals over 60 years of age with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).

To accomplish this goal, the study will evaluate virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 and HAND. A control group of virologically suppressed people living with HIV with normal cognition will also be enrolled, as well as 50 HIV-1 negative individuals.

All participants will answer questionnaires, undergo comprehensive neuropsychological testing, take functional and geriatric syndromes assessments, have MRIs, and get their blood drawn. Participants will be asked for a detailed medical history, including how long they’ve had HIV-1, any associated infections, HIV-specific diagnoses, medication history, and medication adherence.

These tests and procedures will take place over a 3-month period. After completion of the study, there will be annual follow ups for up to 5 years.

Serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine specimens, stool samples and peripheral blood cells will also be collected and stored. A number of laboratory based tests may be done to these samples which will allow the study team to accurately identify molecular signatures of HAND. These studies will add significant value to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HAND and determine distinct disease processes that could provide targets for interventions.