The goal of this clinical research study is to assess whether the combination of BP1001 and cytarabine provides greater efficacy (Complete Remission [CR], Complete Remission with incomplete hematologic recovery [CRi], Complete Remission with incomplete platelet recovery [CRp]) than cytarabine alone (by historical comparison) in participants with AML that cannot or elect not to be treated with more intensive chemotherapy.

In this protocol, we plan to prospectively recruit subjects with chronic kidney disease or end stage kidney disease on dialysis. We will obtain stool, blood, urine (if possible), and peritoneal fluid (if on peritoneal dialysis) from the subjects on a regular basis and we will correlate whether the microbiome in these biospecimens are associated with and/or predictive of bacteremia and other complications in chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease.